laravel 5.7 from Scratch.

laravel Лекции по laravel от Scratch. Конспект. Эпизоды 8-. Всё по англицки - ни хера не понимаю.. буду излагать лапидарно.

конспектировал Капустин Яков

01 Создание нового приложения scratch (laravel v5.7.19)
02 Создание новой миграции
03 Создание модели
04 Laravel Tinker Shell
05 Внесение изменений в базу данных через создание объекта
06 Чтение данных средствами tinker
07 MVC
08 Вызов artisan inspire
09 Вызов factory в tinker shell
10 Создание страницы добавления проектов
11 Изменение маршрутизации
12 Создание контроллера с типичными методами и моделью
13 Описание автоматически созданных методов контроллера
14 Создание уровня отображения
15 Cleaner Controllers and Mass Assign
16 Два уровня валидации формы
17 Eloquent отношения
18 Передача в контроллер объектов по id
19 Описание метода ProjectTasksController@store
20 RRR
21 RRR
22 RRR
23 RRR
24 RRR
25 RRR
26 RRR
27 RRR

01
Создание нового приложения scratch (laravel v5.7.19)

bash: 

	vagrant@homestead:~/projects$ composer create-project --prefer-dist laravel/laravel scratch
	Installing laravel/laravel (v5.7.19)
	  - Installing laravel/laravel (v5.7.19): Loading from cache
	Created project in test
	> @php -r "file_exists('.env') || copy('.env.example', '.env');"
	Loading composer repositories with package information
	Updating dependencies (including require-dev)
	Package operations: 86 installs, 0 updates, 0 removals
	  - Installing symfony/polyfill-ctype (v1.10.0): Loading from cache
	  - Installing vlucas/phpdotenv (v2.6.1): Loading from cache
	  - Installing symfony/css-selector (v4.2.3): Loading from cache
	  - Installing tijsverkoyen/css-to-inline-styles (2.2.1): Loading from cache
	  - Installing symfony/polyfill-php72 (v1.10.0): Loading from cache
	  - Installing symfony/polyfill-mbstring (v1.10.0): Loading from cache
	  - Installing symfony/var-dumper (v4.2.3): Loading from cache
	  - Installing symfony/routing (v4.2.3): Loading from cache
	  - Installing symfony/process (v4.2.3): Loading from cache
	  - Installing symfony/http-foundation (v4.2.3): Loading from cache
	  - Installing symfony/contracts (v1.0.2): Loading from cache
	  - Installing symfony/event-dispatcher (v4.2.3): Loading from cache
	  - Installing psr/log (1.1.0): Loading from cache
	  - Installing symfony/debug (v4.2.3): Loading from cache
	  - Installing symfony/http-kernel (v4.2.3): Loading from cache
	  - Installing symfony/finder (v4.2.3): Loading from cache
	  - Installing symfony/console (v4.2.3): Loading from cache
	  - Installing doctrine/lexer (v1.0.1): Loading from cache
	  - Installing egulias/email-validator (2.1.7): Loading from cache
	  - Installing swiftmailer/swiftmailer (v6.1.3): Loading from cache
	  - Installing paragonie/random_compat (v9.99.99): Loading from cache
	  - Installing ramsey/uuid (3.8.0): Loading from cache
	  - Installing psr/simple-cache (1.0.1): Loading from cache
	  - Installing psr/container (1.0.0): Loading from cache
	  - Installing opis/closure (3.1.5): Loading from cache
	  - Installing symfony/translation (v4.2.3): Loading from cache
	  - Installing nesbot/carbon (1.36.2): Loading from cache
	  - Installing monolog/monolog (1.24.0): Loading from cache
	  - Installing league/flysystem (1.0.50): Loading from cache
	  - Installing erusev/parsedown (1.7.1): Loading from cache
	  - Installing dragonmantank/cron-expression (v2.2.0): Loading from cache
	  - Installing doctrine/inflector (v1.3.0): Loading from cache
	  - Installing ralouphie/getallheaders (2.0.5): Loading from cache
	  - Installing psr/http-message (1.0.1): Loading from cache
	  - Installing guzzlehttp/psr7 (1.5.2): Loading from cache
	  - Installing guzzlehttp/promises (v1.3.1): Loading from cache
	  - Installing guzzlehttp/guzzle (6.3.3): Loading from cache
	  - Installing laravel/slack-notification-channel (v1.0.3): Loading from cache
	  - Installing laravel/framework (v5.7.26): Downloading (100%)
	  - Installing lcobucci/jwt (3.2.5): Loading from cache
	  - Installing php-http/promise (v1.0.0): Loading from cache
	  - Installing php-http/httplug (v1.1.0): Loading from cache
	  - Installing php-http/guzzle6-adapter (v1.1.1): Loading from cache
	  - Installing zendframework/zend-diactoros (1.8.6): Loading from cache
	  - Installing nexmo/client (1.6.2): Loading from cache
	  - Installing laravel/nexmo-notification-channel (v1.0.1): Loading from cache
	  - Installing fideloper/proxy (4.1.0): Loading from cache
	  - Installing nikic/php-parser (v4.2.0): Loading from cache
	  - Installing jakub-onderka/php-console-color (v0.2): Loading from cache
	  - Installing jakub-onderka/php-console-highlighter (v0.4): Loading from cache
	  - Installing dnoegel/php-xdg-base-dir (0.1): Loading from cache
	  - Installing psy/psysh (v0.9.9): Loading from cache
	  - Installing laravel/tinker (v1.0.8): Loading from cache
	  - Installing beyondcode/laravel-dump-server (1.2.2): Loading from cache
	  - Installing fzaninotto/faker (v1.8.0): Loading from cache
	  - Installing hamcrest/hamcrest-php (v2.0.0): Loading from cache
	  - Installing mockery/mockery (1.2.2): Downloading (100%)
	  - Installing filp/whoops (2.3.1): Loading from cache
	  - Installing nunomaduro/collision (v2.1.1): Loading from cache
	  - Installing sebastian/version (2.0.1): Loading from cache
	  - Installing sebastian/resource-operations (2.0.1): Loading from cache
	  - Installing sebastian/object-reflector (1.1.1): Loading from cache
	  - Installing sebastian/recursion-context (3.0.0): Loading from cache
	  - Installing sebastian/object-enumerator (3.0.3): Loading from cache
	  - Installing sebastian/global-state (2.0.0): Loading from cache
	  - Installing sebastian/exporter (3.1.0): Loading from cache
	  - Installing sebastian/environment (4.1.0): Loading from cache
	  - Installing sebastian/diff (3.0.2): Loading from cache
	  - Installing sebastian/comparator (3.0.2): Loading from cache
	  - Installing phpunit/php-timer (2.0.0): Loading from cache
	  - Installing phpunit/php-text-template (1.2.1): Loading from cache
	  - Installing phpunit/php-file-iterator (2.0.2): Loading from cache
	  - Installing theseer/tokenizer (1.1.0): Loading from cache
	  - Installing sebastian/code-unit-reverse-lookup (1.0.1): Loading from cache
	  - Installing phpunit/php-token-stream (3.0.1): Loading from cache
	  - Installing phpunit/php-code-coverage (6.1.4): Loading from cache
	  - Installing doctrine/instantiator (1.1.0): Loading from cache
	  - Installing webmozart/assert (1.4.0): Loading from cache
	  - Installing phpdocumentor/reflection-common (1.0.1): Loading from cache
	  - Installing phpdocumentor/type-resolver (0.4.0): Loading from cache
	  - Installing phpdocumentor/reflection-docblock (4.3.0): Loading from cache
	  - Installing phpspec/prophecy (1.8.0): Loading from cache
	  - Installing phar-io/version (2.0.1): Loading from cache
	  - Installing phar-io/manifest (1.0.3): Loading from cache
	  - Installing myclabs/deep-copy (1.8.1): Loading from cache
	  - Installing phpunit/phpunit (7.5.5): Downloading (100%)
	symfony/routing suggests installing doctrine/annotations (For using the annotation loader)
	symfony/routing suggests installing symfony/config (For using the all-in-one router or any loader)
	symfony/routing suggests installing symfony/dependency-injection (For loading routes from a service)
	symfony/routing suggests installing symfony/expression-language (For using expression matching)
	symfony/routing suggests installing symfony/yaml (For using the YAML loader)
	symfony/contracts suggests installing psr/cache (When using the Cache contracts)
	symfony/contracts suggests installing symfony/cache-contracts-implementation
	symfony/contracts suggests installing symfony/service-contracts-implementation
	symfony/event-dispatcher suggests installing symfony/dependency-injection
	symfony/http-kernel suggests installing symfony/browser-kit
	symfony/http-kernel suggests installing symfony/config
	symfony/http-kernel suggests installing symfony/dependency-injection
	symfony/console suggests installing symfony/lock
	swiftmailer/swiftmailer suggests installing true/punycode (Needed to support internationalized email addresses, if ext-intl is not installed)
	paragonie/random_compat suggests installing ext-libsodium (Provides a modern crypto API that can be used to generate random bytes.)
	ramsey/uuid suggests installing ircmaxell/random-lib (Provides RandomLib for use with the RandomLibAdapter)
	ramsey/uuid suggests installing ext-libsodium (Provides the PECL libsodium extension for use with the SodiumRandomGenerator)
	ramsey/uuid suggests installing ext-uuid (Provides the PECL UUID extension for use with the PeclUuidTimeGenerator and PeclUuidRandomGenerator)
	ramsey/uuid suggests installing moontoast/math (Provides support for converting UUID to 128-bit integer (in string form).)
	ramsey/uuid suggests installing ramsey/uuid-doctrine (Allows the use of Ramsey\Uuid\Uuid as Doctrine field type.)
	ramsey/uuid suggests installing ramsey/uuid-console (A console application for generating UUIDs with ramsey/uuid)
	symfony/translation suggests installing symfony/config
	symfony/translation suggests installing symfony/yaml
	nesbot/carbon suggests installing friendsofphp/php-cs-fixer (Needed for the `composer phpcs` command. Allow to automatically fix code style.)
	nesbot/carbon suggests installing phpstan/phpstan (Needed for the `composer phpstan` command. Allow to detect potential errors.)
	monolog/monolog suggests installing aws/aws-sdk-php (Allow sending log messages to AWS services like DynamoDB)
	monolog/monolog suggests installing doctrine/couchdb (Allow sending log messages to a CouchDB server)
	monolog/monolog suggests installing ext-amqp (Allow sending log messages to an AMQP server (1.0+ required))
	monolog/monolog suggests installing ext-mongo (Allow sending log messages to a MongoDB server)
	monolog/monolog suggests installing graylog2/gelf-php (Allow sending log messages to a GrayLog2 server)
	monolog/monolog suggests installing mongodb/mongodb (Allow sending log messages to a MongoDB server via PHP Driver)
	monolog/monolog suggests installing php-amqplib/php-amqplib (Allow sending log messages to an AMQP server using php-amqplib)
	monolog/monolog suggests installing php-console/php-console (Allow sending log messages to Google Chrome)
	monolog/monolog suggests installing rollbar/rollbar (Allow sending log messages to Rollbar)
	monolog/monolog suggests installing ruflin/elastica (Allow sending log messages to an Elastic Search server)
	monolog/monolog suggests installing sentry/sentry (Allow sending log messages to a Sentry server)
	league/flysystem suggests installing league/flysystem-aws-s3-v2 (Allows you to use S3 storage with AWS SDK v2)
	league/flysystem suggests installing league/flysystem-aws-s3-v3 (Allows you to use S3 storage with AWS SDK v3)
	league/flysystem suggests installing league/flysystem-azure (Allows you to use Windows Azure Blob storage)
	league/flysystem suggests installing league/flysystem-cached-adapter (Flysystem adapter decorator for metadata caching)
	league/flysystem suggests installing league/flysystem-eventable-filesystem (Allows you to use EventableFilesystem)
	league/flysystem suggests installing league/flysystem-rackspace (Allows you to use Rackspace Cloud Files)
	league/flysystem suggests installing league/flysystem-sftp (Allows you to use SFTP server storage via phpseclib)
	league/flysystem suggests installing league/flysystem-webdav (Allows you to use WebDAV storage)
	league/flysystem suggests installing league/flysystem-ziparchive (Allows you to use ZipArchive adapter)
	league/flysystem suggests installing spatie/flysystem-dropbox (Allows you to use Dropbox storage)
	league/flysystem suggests installing srmklive/flysystem-dropbox-v2 (Allows you to use Dropbox storage for PHP 5 applications)
	laravel/framework suggests installing aws/aws-sdk-php (Required to use the SQS queue driver and SES mail driver (^3.0).)
	laravel/framework suggests installing doctrine/dbal (Required to rename columns and drop SQLite columns (^2.6).)
	laravel/framework suggests installing league/flysystem-aws-s3-v3 (Required to use the Flysystem S3 driver (^1.0).)
	laravel/framework suggests installing league/flysystem-cached-adapter (Required to use the Flysystem cache (^1.0).)
	laravel/framework suggests installing league/flysystem-rackspace (Required to use the Flysystem Rackspace driver (^1.0).)
	laravel/framework suggests installing league/flysystem-sftp (Required to use the Flysystem SFTP driver (^1.0).)
	laravel/framework suggests installing moontoast/math (Required to use ordered UUIDs (^1.1).)
	laravel/framework suggests installing pda/pheanstalk (Required to use the beanstalk queue driver (^3.0).)
	laravel/framework suggests installing predis/predis (Required to use the redis cache and queue drivers (^1.0).)
	laravel/framework suggests installing pusher/pusher-php-server (Required to use the Pusher broadcast driver (^3.0).)
	laravel/framework suggests installing symfony/dom-crawler (Required to use most of the crawler integration testing tools (^4.1).)
	laravel/framework suggests installing symfony/psr-http-message-bridge (Required to psr7 bridging features (^1.0).)
	lcobucci/jwt suggests installing mdanter/ecc (Required to use Elliptic Curves based algorithms.)
	psy/psysh suggests installing ext-pdo-sqlite (The doc command requires SQLite to work.)
	psy/psysh suggests installing hoa/console (A pure PHP readline implementation. You'll want this if your PHP install doesn't already support readline or libedit.)
	filp/whoops suggests installing whoops/soap (Formats errors as SOAP responses)
	sebastian/global-state suggests installing ext-uopz (*)
	phpunit/php-code-coverage suggests installing ext-xdebug (^2.6.0)
	phpunit/phpunit suggests installing phpunit/php-invoker (^2.0)
	phpunit/phpunit suggests installing ext-xdebug (*)
	Writing lock file
	Generating optimized autoload files
	> Illuminate\Foundation\ComposerScripts::postAutoloadDump
	> @php artisan package:discover --ansi
	Discovered Package: beyondcode/laravel-dump-server
	Discovered Package: fideloper/proxy
	Discovered Package: laravel/nexmo-notification-channel
	Discovered Package: laravel/slack-notification-channel
	Discovered Package: laravel/tinker
	Discovered Package: nesbot/carbon
	Discovered Package: nunomaduro/collision
	Package manifest generated successfully.
	> @php artisan key:generate --ansi
	Application key set successfully.
	vagrant@homestead:~/projects$

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02
Создание новой миграции

В новом приложении 'scratch' (автор создаёт его с помощью команды 'laravel new project' на 16 секунде 7 эпизода) меняем базу данных на 'scratch_db' и создаём миграцию.

bash: 

	vagrant@homestead:~/projects/scratch$ php artisan help make:migration
	Description:
	  Create a new migration file

	Usage:
	  make:migration [options] [--] 

	Arguments:
	  name								   The name of the migration

	Options:
			  --create[=CREATE]  The table to be created
			  --table[=TABLE]		The table to migrate
			  --path[=PATH]		  The location where the migration file should be created
			  --realpath				 Indicate any provided migration file paths are pre-resolved absolute paths
	  -h, --help						 Display this help message
	  -q, --quiet						Do not output any message
	  -V, --version				  Display this application version
			  --ansi						 Force ANSI output
			  --no-ansi				  Disable ANSI output
	  -n, --no-interaction   Do not ask any interactive question
			  --env[=ENV]				The environment the command should run under
	  -v|vv|vvv, --verbose   Increase the verbosity of messages: 1 for normal output, 2 for more verbose output and 3 for debug
	vagrant@homestead:~/projects/scratch$

Создаём миграцию 'create_projects_table':

bash: 

	vagrant@homestead:~/projects/scratch$ php artisan make:migration create_projects_table
	Created Migration: 2019_02_08_235353_create_projects_table
	vagrant@homestead:~/projects/scratch$

и добавляем в метод 'up' создание дополнительных полей 'title' и 'description'.

scratch/database/migrations/2019_02_08_235353_create_projects_table.php:

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  <?php

  use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
  use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
  use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;

  class CreateProjectsTable extends Migration
  {
      /**
       * Run the migrations.
       *
       * @return void
       */
      public function up()
      {
          Schema::create('projects', function (Blueprint $table) {
              $table->increments('id');
              $table->string('title');
              $table->string('description');
              $table->timestamps();
          });
      }

      /**
       * Reverse the migrations.
       *
       * @return void
       */
      public function down()
      {
          Schema::dropIfExists('projects');
      }
  }

bash: 

	vagrant@homestead:~/projects/scratch$ php artisan migrate
	Migrating: 2019_02_08_235353_create_projects_table
	Migrated:  2019_02_08_235353_create_projects_table
	vagrant@homestead:~/projects/scratch$

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03
Создание модели

Эпизод 8. Ахтунг! Имя модели связано с именем созданной ранее миграции. Смотреть предыдущую лекцию, в которой её создали.

bash: 

	vagrant@homestead:~/projects/scratch$ php artisan make:model Project
	Model created successfully.
	vagrant@homestead:~/projects/scratch$

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04
Laravel Tinker Shell

Laravel включает в себя мощный REPL (Read—Eval—Print—Loop) инструмент - Tinker, работающий под управлением PsySH. Tinker позволяет вам взаимодействовать с вашим laravel приложением из командной строки.

bash: 

	vagrant@homestead:~/projects/scratch$ php artisan tinker
	Psy Shell v0.9.9 (PHP 7.3.1-1+ubuntu18.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 — cli) by Justin Hileman
	>>> 5-3 
	=> 2
	>>> App\Project::all(); 
	=> Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#2908
			 all: [],
	   }
	>>> // просмотр всех записей 
	>>> // пока здесь пусто 
	>>>
	>>> App\Project::first(); 
	=> null
	>>> App\Project::latest()->first(); 
	=> null
	>>>

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05
Внесение изменений в базу данных через создание объекта

Создаём экземпляр класса App\Project и присваиваем ему 'title' и 'description'.

bash: 

	>>> $project=new App\Project; 
	=> App\Project {#2906}
	>>> $project->title='My first Project' 
	=> "My first Project"
	>>> // забыл ';', но tinker почему-то не ругнулся.. 
	>>>
	>>> $project->description='Lorem Ipsum'; 
	=> "Lorem Ipsum"
	>>>
	>>> // запускаем?? 
	>>> $project 
	=> App\Project {#2906
			 title: "My first Project",
			 description: "Lorem Ipsum",
	   }
	>>>
	>>> $project->save(); 
	=> true
	>>>
	>>> exit 
	Exit:  Goodbye
	vagrant@homestead:~/projects/scratch$ mysql
	Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
	Your MySQL connection id is 157
	Server version: 5.7.25-0ubuntu0.18.04.2 (Ubuntu)

	Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

	Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
	affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
	owners.

	Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

	mysql> use scratch_db; 
	Reading table information for completion of table and column names
	You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

	Database changed
	mysql> select * from project; 
	ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'scratch_db.project' doesn't exist
	mysql> show tables; 
	+----------------------+
	| Tables_in_scratch_db |
	+----------------------+
	| migrations				   |
	| password_resets		  |
	| projects						 |
	| users								|
	+----------------------+
	4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

	mysql> select * from projects; 
	+----+------------------+-------------+---------------------+---------------------+
	| id | title						| description | created_at				  | updated_at				  |
	+----+------------------+-------------+---------------------+---------------------+
	|  1 | My first Project | Lorem Ipsum | 2019-02-09 01:01:29 | 2019-02-09 01:01:29 |
	+----+------------------+-------------+---------------------+---------------------+
	1 row in set (0.00 sec)

	mysql>
	Bye
	vagrant@homestead:~/projects/scratch$

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06
Чтение данных средствами tinker

bash: 

	vagrant@homestead:~/projects/scratch$ php artisan tinker
	Psy Shell v0.9.9 (PHP 7.3.1-1+ubuntu18.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 — cli) by Justin Hileman
	>>> App\Project::first(); 
	=> App\Project {#2911
			 id: 1,
			 title: "My first Project",
			 description: "Lorem Ipsum",
			 created_at: "2019-02-09 01:01:29",
			 updated_at: "2019-02-09 01:01:29",
	   }
	>>>
	>>> App\Project::first()->title; 
	=> "My first Project"
	>>> App\Project::first()->description; 
	=> "Lorem Ipsum"
	>>>
	>>> App\Project::all(); 
	=> Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#2906
			 all: [
			   App\Project {#2905
					 id: 1,
					 title: "My first Project",
					 description: "Lorem Ipsum",
					 created_at: "2019-02-09 01:01:29",
					 updated_at: "2019-02-09 01:01:29",
			   },
			 ],
	   }
	>>>
	>>>
	>>>
	>>> $project=new App\Project; 
	=> App\Project {#2911}
	>>> $project->title='Second Project' 
	=> "Second Project"
	>>> $project->description='description second project' 
	=> "description second project"
	>>> App\Project::all(); 
	=> Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#2896
			 all: [
			   App\Project {#2900
					 id: 1,
					 title: "My first Project",
					 description: "Lorem Ipsum",
					 created_at: "2019-02-09 01:01:29",
					 updated_at: "2019-02-09 01:01:29",
			   },
			 ],
	   }
	>>> $project->save(); 
	=> true
	>>> App\Project::all(); 
	=> Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#2913
   all: [
		 App\Project {#2902
		   id: 1,
		   title: "My first Project",
		   description: "Lorem Ipsum",
		   created_at: "2019-02-09 01:01:29",
		   updated_at: "2019-02-09 01:01:29",
		 },
		 App\Project {#2914
		   id: 2,
		   title: "Second Project",
		   description: "description second project",
		   created_at: "2019-02-09 01:17:54",
		   updated_at: "2019-02-09 01:17:54",
		 },
   ],
 }
 >>>
 >>>
 >>> App\Project::all()[0]; 
 => App\Project {#2916
		  id: 1,
		  title: "My first Project",
		  description: "Lorem Ipsum",
		  created_at: "2019-02-09 01:01:29",
		  updated_at: "2019-02-09 01:01:29",
		}
 >>> App\Project::all()[1]; 
 => App\Project {#2906
		  id: 2,
		  title: "Second Project",
		  description: "description second project",
		  created_at: "2019-02-09 01:17:54",
		  updated_at: "2019-02-09 01:17:54",
		}
 >>> App\Project::all()[2]; 
 PHP Notice:  Undefined offset: 2 in /home/vagrant/projects/scratch/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Support/Collection.php on line 1924
 >>> App\Project::all()[1]->title; 
 => "Second Project"
 >>> App\Project::all()-map->title; 
 PHP Parse error: Syntax error, unexpected T_OBJECT_OPERATOR on line 1
 >>> App\Project::all()->map->title; 
 => Illuminate\Support\Collection {#2916
		  all: [
				"My first Project",
				"Second Project",
		  ],
		}
 >>>

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07
MVC

Создадим новый маршрут:

routes/web.php:

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  ...
  Route::get('/projects', 'ProjectsController@index');
  ...

.. новый контроллер:

bash: 

	vagrant@homestead:~/projects/scratch$ php artisan make:controller ProjectsController
	Controller created successfully.
	vagrant@homestead:~/projects/scratch$

app/Http/Controllers/ProjectsController.php:

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  <?php

  namespace App\Http\Controllers;

  use Illuminate\Http\Request;

  class ProjectsController extends Controller
  {
      public function index(){
          return view('projects.index');
      }
  }

и новый вид:

resources/views/projects/index.blade.php:

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Перейдём по ссылке http://laravel.scratch/projects:

Добавим в метод созданного контроллера немного логики, вместо вида возвратив значение переменной $project:

app/Http/Controllers/ProjectsController.php:

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  <?php

  namespace App\Http\Controllers;

  use Illuminate\Http\Request;
  use \App\Project;

  class ProjectsController extends Controller
  {
      public function index(){

          // $project = \App\Project::all();
          // после добавления пространства имен:
          // use \App\Project;
          // можно использовать запись ниже
          $project = Project::all();

          //return view('projects.index');
          return $project;

      }
  }

На выходе мы получим json, для читабельного отображения которого установим в браузере расширение JSON Formatter (Offered by: Nik Rolls):

Теперь изменим код контроллера, вернув вид, передав в него во втором аргументе массив полученных объектов:

app/Http/Controllers/ProjectsController.php:

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  <?php

  namespace App\Http\Controllers;

  use Illuminate\Http\Request;
  use \App\Project;

  class ProjectsController extends Controller
  {
      public function index(){

          // $project = \App\Project::all();
          // после добавления пространства имен:
          // use \App\Project;
          // можно использовать запись ниже
          $projects = Project::all();

          // return view('projects.index', ['projects'=>$projects]);
          return view('projects.index', compact('projects'));

      }
  }

Добавим во view вызов переданного аргумента:

resources/views/projects/index.blade.php:

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  <!DOCTYPE html>
  <html lang="en">
  <head>
      <meta charset="UTF-8">
      <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
      <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
      <title>Document</title>
  </head>
  <body>
      <h1>New Project</h1>
      <?php
          // echo __FILE__;
      ?>
      @foreach($projects as $project)
          <li>{{ $project->title }}</li>
      @endforeach
  </body>
  </html>

к оглавлению

08
Вызов artisan inspire

bash: 

	vagrant@homestead:~/projects/scratch$ php artisan inspire
	Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication. - Leonardo da Vinci
	vagrant@homestead:~/projects/scratch$ php artisan inspire
	Well begun is half done. - Aristotle
	vagrant@homestead:~/projects/scratch$ php artisan inspire
	It is quality rather than quantity that matters. - Lucius Annaeus Seneca
	vagrant@homestead:~/projects/scratch$

к оглавлению

09
Вызов factory в tinker shell

bash: 

	vagrant@homestead:~/projects/scratch$ php artisan tinker
	Psy Shell v0.9.9 (PHP 7.3.1-1+ubuntu18.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 — cli) by Justin Hileman
	>>>
	>>> factory(App\User::class)->make(); 
	=> App\User {#2931
			 name: "Kayley Schuster",
			 email: "meda18@example.com",
			 email_verified_at: Illuminate\Support\Carbon @1549712891 {#2927
			   date: 2019-02-09 11:48:11.198086 UTC (+00:00),
			 },
	   }
	>>> factory(App\User::class)->make(); 
	=> App\User {#2925
			 name: "Mr. Johnny Sporer Sr.",
			 email: "tracey66@example.org",
			 email_verified_at: Illuminate\Support\Carbon @1549712896 {#2926
			   date: 2019-02-09 11:48:16.349419 UTC (+00:00),
			 },
	   }
	>>> factory(App\User::class)->make(); 
	=> App\User {#2932
			 name: "Alfonzo McKenzie",
			 email: "ellsworth.carter@example.com",
			 email_verified_at: Illuminate\Support\Carbon @1549712899 {#2924
			   date: 2019-02-09 11:48:19.087973 UTC (+00:00),
			 },
	   }
	>>> factory(App\User::class)->create(); 
	=> App\User {#2930
			 name: "Lonie Baumbach",
			 email: "brianne77@example.org",
			 email_verified_at: Illuminate\Support\Carbon @1549713020 {#2922
			   date: 2019-02-09 11:50:20.175508 UTC (+00:00),
			 },
			 updated_at: "2019-02-09 11:50:20",
			 created_at: "2019-02-09 11:50:20",
			 id: 1,
	   }
	>>> exit 
	Exit:  Goodbye
	vagrant@homestead:~/projects/scratch$ mysql
	Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
	Your MySQL connection id is 168
	Server version: 5.7.25-0ubuntu0.18.04.2 (Ubuntu)

	Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

	Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
	affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
	owners.

	Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

	mysql> use scratch_db; 
	Reading table information for completion of table and column names
	You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

	Database changed
	mysql> select * from users; 
	+----+----------------+-----------------------+---------------------+------------+----------------+---------------------+---------------------+
	| id | name				   | email								 | email_verified_at   | password   | remember_token | created_at				  | updated_at				  |
	+----+----------------+-----------------------+---------------------+------------+----------------+---------------------+---------------------+
	|  1 | Lonie Baumbach | brianne77@example.org | 2019-02-09 11:50:20 | $2y$10$T.. | pZb9HTRaWR		 | 2019-02-09 11:50:20 | 2019-02-09 11:50:20 |
	+----+----------------+-----------------------+---------------------+------------+----------------+---------------------+---------------------+
	1 row in set (0.00 sec)

	mysql>

к оглавлению

10
Создание страницы добавления проектов

Эпизод 10. Добавим маршруты на создаваемую страницу с формой и для сохранения данных в базу:

routes/web.php:

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  ...
  Route::get('/projects', 'ProjectsController@index');
  Route::post('/projects', 'ProjectsController@save');

  Route::get('/projects/create', 'ProjectsController@create');
  ...

В контроллере пропишем новый метод:

app/Http/Controllers/ProjectsController.php:

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  ...
  public function save(){

      $project=new Project;

      $project->title=request('title');
      $project->description=request('description');

      $project->save();

      return redirect('/projects');
  }
  ...

И создадим новый вид, в котором создадим форму с action='/project' и скрытыми полями для защиты от CSRF-атаки и передачи метода. Ниже представлены равноценные способы:

resources/views/projects/edit.blade.php:

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  ...
  <form>
    {{ csrf_field() }}
    {{ method_field('DELETE') }}
  ...

resources/views/projects/edit.blade.php:

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  ...
  <form>
    @csrf
    @method('DELETE')
  ...

resources/views/projects/create.blade.php:

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  <!DOCTYPE html>
  <html lang="en">
  <head>
      <meta charset="UTF-8">
      <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
      <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
      <title>Document</title>
  </head>
  <body>
      <h1>Create Project</h1>
      <form action='/projects' method='post'>
          {{ csrf_field() }}
          Title Project: <input type='text' name='title'><br>
          Description Project: <input type='text' name='description'><br>
          <input type='submit' value='Submit'>
      </form>
  </body>
  </html>

к оглавлению

11
Изменение маршрутизации

Заменим объявление маршрута на следующую конструкцию, обеспечивающую создание типичных роутов:

routes/web.php:

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  ...
  // Route::get('/projects', 'ProjectsController@index');
  Route::resource('projects', 'ProjectsController');
  ...

bash: 

	vagrant@homestead:~/projects/scratch$ php artisan route:list
	+--------+-----------+-------------------------+------------------+-------------------------------------------------+--------------+
	| Domain | Method		 | URI										 | Name						  | Action																				  | Middleware   |
	+--------+-----------+-------------------------+------------------+-------------------------------------------------+--------------+
	|				 | GET|HEAD  | /										   |								  | Closure																				  | web				   |
	|				 | GET|HEAD  | api/user								 |								  | Closure																				  | api,auth:api |
	|				 | GET|HEAD  | projects								 | projects.index   | App\Http\Controllers\ProjectsController@index   | web				   |
	|				 | POST		   | projects								 | projects.store   | App\Http\Controllers\ProjectsController@store   | web				   |
	|				 | GET|HEAD  | projects/create				 | projects.create  | App\Http\Controllers\ProjectsController@create  | web				   |
	|				 | GET|HEAD  | projects/{project}		   | projects.show		| App\Http\Controllers\ProjectsController@show		| web				   |
	|				 | PUT|PATCH | projects/{project}		   | projects.update  | App\Http\Controllers\ProjectsController@update  | web				   |
	|				 | DELETE		 | projects/{project}		   | projects.destroy | App\Http\Controllers\ProjectsController@destroy | web				   |
	|				 | GET|HEAD  | projects/{project}/edit | projects.edit		| App\Http\Controllers\ProjectsController@edit		| web				   |
	+--------+-----------+-------------------------+------------------+-------------------------------------------------+--------------+
	vagrant@homestead:~/projects/scratch$

к оглавлению

12
Создание контроллера с типичными методами и моделью

Если при создании контроллера воспользоваться ключами, то можно создать одной командой контроллер с предварительно объявленными методами и модель для него. Удаляем созданные ранее ProjectsController с моделью Project и создаём их заново:

bash: 

	vagrant@homestead:~/projects/scratch$ php artisan make:controller ProjectsController -r -m Project

	 A App\Project model does not exist. Do you want to generate it? (yes/no) [yes]:
	 >

	Model created successfully.
	Controller created successfully.
	vagrant@homestead:~/projects/scratch$

Содержимое созданных файлов:

app/Http/Controllers/ProjectsController.php:

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  <?php

  namespace App\Http\Controllers;

  use App\Project;
  use Illuminate\Http\Request;

  class ProjectsController extends Controller
  {
      /**
       * Display a listing of the resource.
       *
       * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
       */
      public function index()
      {
          //
      }

      /**
       * Show the form for creating a new resource.
       *
       * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
       */
      public function create()
      {
          //
      }

      /**
       * Store a newly created resource in storage.
       *
       * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
       * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
       */
      public function store(Request $request)
      {
          //
      }

      /**
       * Display the specified resource.
       *
       * @param  \App\Project  $project
       * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
       */
      public function show(Project $project)
      {
          //
      }

      /**
       * Show the form for editing the specified resource.
       *
       * @param  \App\Project  $project
       * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
       */
      public function edit(Project $project)
      {
          //
      }

      /**
       * Update the specified resource in storage.
       *
       * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
       * @param  \App\Project  $project
       * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
       */
      public function update(Request $request, Project $project)
      {
          //
      }

      /**
       * Remove the specified resource from storage.
       *
       * @param  \App\Project  $project
       * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
       */
      public function destroy(Project $project)
      {
          //
      }
  }

app/Project.php:

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  <?php

  namespace App;

  use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

  class Project extends Model
  {
      //
  }

к оглавлению

13
Описание автоматически созданных методов контроллера

13 эпизод. Опишем методы в классе ProjectsController:

app/Http/Controllers/ProjectsController.php:

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  <?php

  namespace App\Http\Controllers;

  use App\Project;
  use Illuminate\Http\Request;

  class ProjectsController extends Controller
  {
      /**
       * Display a listing of the resource.
       *
       * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
       */
      public function index()
      {
          $projects = Project::all();

          return view('projects.index', compact('projects'));
      }

      /**
       * Show the form for creating a new resource.
       *
       * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
       */
      public function create()
      {
          return view('projects.create');
      }

      /**
       * Store a newly created resource in storage.
       *
       * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
       * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
       */
      public function store(Request $request)
      {
          $project = new Project;

          $project->title = request('title');
          $project->description = request('description');

          $project->save();

          return redirect('/projects');
      }

      /**
       * Display the specified resource.
       *
       * @param  \App\Project  $project
       * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
       */
      public function show(Project $project)
      {
          //
      }

      /**
       * Show the form for editing the specified resource.
       *
       * @param  \App\Project  $project
       * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
       */
      public function edit(Project $project)
      {
          // dd($project);
          // $project = Project::findOrFail($id);

          return view('projects.edit', compact('project'));
      }

      /**
       * Update the specified resource in storage.
       *
       * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
       * @param  \App\Project  $project
       * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
       */
      public function update(Request $request, Project $project)
      {
          $project->title = request('title');
          $project->description = request('description');
          $project->save();
          return redirect('/projects');
      }

      /**
       * Remove the specified resource from storage.
       *
       * @param  \App\Project  $project
       * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
       */
      public function destroy(Project $project)
      {
          $project->delete();
          return redirect('/projects');
      }
  }

к оглавлению

14
Создание уровня отображения

В директории resources/views создаем resources/views/layout.blade.php и поддиректорию resources/views/projects, в которой описываем подключаемые файлы. Привожу окончательный вариант. P.S.: bulma.css - гавно.

resources/views/layout.blade.php:

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  <!DOCTYPE html>
  <html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
    <title>Document</title>

    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/bulma/0.7.4/css/bulma.min.css">
    <script defer src="https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.3.1/js/all.js"></script>
  </head>
  <body>
    <div class='container'>
      @yield('content')
    </div>
  </body>
  </html>

resources/views/projects/index.blade.php:

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  @extends('layout')

  @section('content')
    <h1 class='title' style='margin:2em 0;'>List projects (index.blade.php)</h1>

    <ul>
    @foreach($projects as $project)
      <li><a href='/projects/{{ $project->id }}'>{{ $project->title }}</a></li>
    @endforeach
    </ul>

    <a href='/projects/create'>
      <button class="button is-info" form="update" style='margin:2em 0;'>Create new Project</button>
    </a>

  @endsection

resources/views/projects/create.blade.php:

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  @extends('layout')

  @section('content')
    <h1 class='title' style='margin:2em 0;'>Create Project (create.blade.php)</h1>

    <form action='/projects' method='POST' id='update' style='margin:2em 0;'>
      {{ csrf_field() }}

      <div class="field">
        <label class="label">title</label>
        <p class="control">
          <input class="input" type="text" name='title' placeholder='Enter the title project' value='' required>
        </p>
      </div>

      <div class="field">
        <label class="label">Description</label>
        <p class="control">
          <textarea class="textarea" name='description' placeholder='Enter the description project' required></textarea>
        </p>
      </div>

    </form>

    <div class="field is-grouped">
      <p class="control">
        <button class="button is-success" form="update">Create Project</button>
      </p>
      <p class="control">
        <button class="button is-info" form="update">Cancel</button>
      </p>
    </div>

  @endsection

resources/views/projects/show.blade.php:

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  @extends('layout')

  @section('content')
    <h1 class='title' style='margin:2em 0;'>Show Project "{{ $project->title }} (show.blade.php)"</h1>

    <div class='content'>
      {{ $project->description }}
    </div>

    <a href='/projects/{{ $project->id }}/edit'>
      <button class="button is-success" form="update">Update Project</button>
    </a>

    <a href='/projects'>
      <button class="button is-info" form="update">back to list</button>
    </a>

  @endsection

resources/views/projects/edit.blade.php:

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  @extends('layout')

  @section('content')
    <h1 class='title' style='margin:2em 0;'>Edit Project (edit.blade.php)</h1>

    <form action='/projects/{{ $project->id }}' method='POST' id='update' style='margin:2em 0;'>
      {{ csrf_field() }}
      {{ method_field('PATCH') }}

      <div class="field">
        <label class="label">title</label>
        <p class="control">
          <input class="input" type="text" name='title' value='{{ $project->title }}' required>
        </p>
      </div>

      <div class="field">
        <label class="label">Description</label>
        <p class="control">
          <textarea class="textarea" name='description' required>{{ $project->description }}</textarea>
        </p>
      </div>

    </form>

    <form action='/projects/{{ $project->id }}' method='POST' id='delete'>
      @csrf
      @method('DELETE')
    </form>

    <div class="field is-grouped">
      <p class="control">
        <button class="button is-success" form="update">Update Project</button>
      </p>
      <p class="control">
        <button class="button is-danger" form="delete">Delete Project</button>
      </p>
      <p class="control">
        <button class="button is-info" form="update">Cancel</button>
      </p>
    </div>

  @endsection

к оглавлению

15
Cleaner Controllers and Mass Assign

14 эпизод.

Очистка метода edit()

Как я понял, в коде выше в описании метода edit() уже чист. Ниже приведу пример нечистого, где аргументом передаётся id проекта и для получения экземпляра объекта необходимо вызвать findOrFail() (закомментированый участок кода) и эквивалентного ему чистого, где экземпляр объекта передаётся в качестве аргумента метода:

app/Http/Controllers/ProjectsController.php:

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    ...
      /**
       * Store a newly created resource in storage.
       *
       * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
       * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
       */
      // public function edit($id)
      // {
      //     $project = Project::findOrFail($id);
      //
      //     return view('projects.edit', compact('project'));
      // }
      public function edit(Request $request)
      {
          return view('projects.edit', compact('project'));
      }
    ...

Очистка метода store()

Также можно описать более чисто метод store(), но, в случае вызова create() со всеми пришедшими из формы данными необходимо обезопасить приложение, указав в модели перезаписываемые поля:

app/Http/Controllers/ProjectsController.php:

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    ...
    /**
   * Store a newly created resource in storage.
   *
   * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
   * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
   */
  public function store(Request $request)
  {

    // Project::create([
    //   'title' => request('title'),
    //   'description' => request('description'),
    // ]);
        Project::create(request()->all());

    return redirect('/projects');
  }
    ...

app/Project.php:

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  <?php

  namespace App;

  use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

  class Project extends Model
  {
    protected $fillable = [
      'title', 'description',
    ];
  }

либо передав в request() в качестве аргумента массив с именами разрешенных к изменению полей (scratch остановился на этом варианте):

app/Http/Controllers/ProjectsController.php:

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    ...
    /**
   * Store a newly created resource in storage.
   *
   * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
   * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
   */
  public function store(Request $request)
  {
        Project::create(request(['title', 'description',]));

    return redirect('/projects');
  }
    ...

app/Project.php:

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  <?php

  namespace App;

  use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

  class Project extends Model
  {
    protected $guarded = [];
  }

Очистка метода update()

Аналогично поступим с методом update():

app/Http/Controllers/ProjectsController.php:

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    ...
    /**
   * Update the specified resource in storage.
   *
   * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
   * @param  \App\Project  $project
   * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
   */
  public function update(Request $request, Project $project)
  {
    // $project->title = request('title');
    // $project->description = request('description');
    // $project->save();

    $project->update(request(['title', 'description',]));

    return redirect('/projects');
  }
    ...

Очищенный контроллер

Содержимое очищенного контроллера:

app/Http/Controllers/ProjectsController.php:

  <?php

  namespace App\Http\Controllers;

  use App\Project;
  use Illuminate\Http\Request;

  class ProjectsController extends Controller
  {
    /**
     * Display a listing of the resource.
     *
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function index()
    {
      $projects = Project::all();

      return view('projects.index', compact('projects'));
    }

    /**
     * Show the form for creating a new resource.
     *
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function create()
    {
      return view('projects.create');
    }

    /**
     * Store a newly created resource in storage.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function store(Request $request)
    {
      Project::create(request(['title', 'description',]));
      return redirect('/projects');
    }

    /**
     * Display the specified resource.
     *
     * @param  \App\Project  $project
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function show(Project $project)
    {
      return view('projects.show', compact('project'));
    }

    /**
     * Show the form for editing the specified resource.
     *
     * @param  \App\Project  $project
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function edit(Project $project)
    {
      return view('projects.edit', compact('project'));
    }

    /**
     * Update the specified resource in storage.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @param  \App\Project  $project
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function update(Request $request, Project $project)
    {
      $project->update(request(['title', 'description',]));
      return redirect('/projects');
    }

    /**
     * Remove the specified resource from storage.
     *
     * @param  \App\Project  $project
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    public function destroy(Project $project)
    {
      $project->delete();
      return redirect('/projects');
    }
  }

к оглавлению

16
Два уровня валидации формы

15 эпизод.

В уровне отображения для защиты от отправки пустых значений используется дополнительный атрибут required, но от особо умных пользователей необходима защита и на стороне контроллера. Она реализуется с помощью метода validate().

app/Http/Controllers/ProjectsController.php:

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  ...
  /**
   * Store a newly created resource in storage.
   *
   * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
   * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
   */
  public function store(Request $request)
  {
      request()->validate([
          'title' => 'require',
          'description' => 'require',
      ]);
      Project::create(request(['title', 'description',]));
      return redirect('/projects');
  }
  ...

При срабатывании метода validate() контроллер возвращает редирект на $_SERVER[referer] с передачей в качестве аргумента масива $errors (?). Опишем d файле create.blade.php элемент, в котором будут выводиться ошибки:

resources/views/projects/create.blade.php:

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  @extends('layout')

  @section('content')
    <h1 class='title' style='margin:2em 0;'>Create Project (create.blade.php)</h1>

    <form action='/projects' method='POST' id='update' style='margin:2em 0;'>
      {{ csrf_field() }}

      <div class="field">
        <label class="label">title</label>
        <p class="control">
          <input
            class="input{{ $errors->has('title') ? ' is-danger':'' }}"
            type="text"
            name='title'
            placeholder='Enter the title project'
            value='{{ old('title') }}'>
        </p>
      </div>

      <div class="field">
        <label class="label">Description</label>
        <p class="control">
          <textarea
            class="textarea{{ $errors->has('description') ? ' is-danger':'' }}"
            name='description'
            placeholder='Enter the description project'>{{ old('description') }}</textarea>
        </p>
      </div>

    </form>

    <div class="field is-grouped">
      <p class="control">
        <button class="button is-success" form="update">Create Project</button>
      </p>
      <p class="control">
        <button class="button is-info" form="update">Cancel</button>
      </p>
    </div>

    @if($errors->any())
    <div class='notification is-danger'>
      <ul>
        @foreach($errors->all() as $error)
          <li>{{ $error }}</li>
        @endforeach
      </ul>
    </div>
    @endif

  @endsection

Временно удалим аттрибут required у элемента textarea и проверим корректность срабатывания validate(), отправив на сервер пустое значение description:

Рис. 4 корректность срабатывания метода validate()

Полный список правил валидации представлен в официальной документации.

к оглавлению

17
Eloquent отношения

16 эпизод.

Воспользуемся ключами и создадим модель Task вместе с фабрикой и файлом миграции:

bash: 

	vagrant@homestead:~/projects/scratch$ php artisan make:model Task -m -f
	Model created successfully.
	Factory created successfully.
	Created Migration: 2019_02_17_202511_create_tasks_table
	vagrant@homestead:~/projects/scratch$

Опишем и выполним миграцию:

/home/yo/projects/scratch/database/migrations/2019_02_17_202511_create_tasks_table.php:

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  <?php

  use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
  use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
  use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;

  class CreateTasksTable extends Migration
  {
    /**
     * Run the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function up()
    {
      Schema::create('tasks', function (Blueprint $table) {
        $table->increments('id');
        $table->unsignedInteger('project_id');
        $table->text('description');
        $table->boolean('completed')->default(false);
        $table->timestamps();
      });
    }

    /**
     * Reverse the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function down()
    {
      Schema::dropIfExists('tasks');
    }
  }

bash: 

	vagrant@homestead:~/projects/scratch$ php artisan migrate
	Migrating: 2019_02_17_202511_create_tasks_table
	Migrated:  2019_02_17_202511_create_tasks_table
	vagrant@homestead:~/projects/scratch$

Опишем отношение в модели Project:

/home/yo/projects/scratch/app/Project.php:

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  <?php

  namespace App;

  use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

  class Project extends Model
  {
    // protected $fillable = [
    //   'title', 'description',
    // ];
    protected $guarded = [];

    public function tasks()
    {
      return $this->hasMany(Task::class);
    }
  }

Создадим запись в таблице tasks с помощью tinker и вызовем описанный в модели Project метод tasks():

bash: 

	vagrant@homestead:~/projects/scratch$ php artisan tinker
	Psy Shell v0.9.9 (PHP 7.3.1-1+ubuntu18.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 — cli) by Justin Hileman
	>>> App\Project::first(); 
	=> App\Project {#2918
	     id: 1,
	     title: "First Project",
	     description: "Description for First Project.",
	     created_at: "2019-02-16 19:56:39",
	     updated_at: "2019-02-17 14:53:53",
	   }
	>>> // вызовем описанный выше метод task (почему метод без круглых скобок???): 
	>>> App\Project::first()->tasks; 
	=> Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#2912
	     all: [],
	   }
	>>> // tinker вернул пустую коллекцию 
	>>> // добавим запись в таблицу tasks: 
	>>> $task = new App\Task; 
	=> App\Task {#2918}
	>>> $task->project_id = 2; 
	=> 2
	>>> $task->description = 'description for task project with id=2'; 
	=> "description for task project with id=2"
	>>> $task->save(); 
	=> true
	>>>
	>>> // попробуем еще раз: 
	>>> App\Project::first()->tasks; 
	=> Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#2911
	     all: [],
	   }
	>>>
	>>> // странно.. 
	>>> App\Task::all(); 
	=> Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#2912
	     all: [
	       App\Task {#2921
	         id: 1,
	         project_id: 2,
	         description: "description for task project with id=2",
	         completed: 0,
	         created_at: "2019-02-17 20:53:48",
	         updated_at: "2019-02-17 20:53:48",
	       },
	     ],
	   }
	>>> // Семён Семёныч! мы же первый экземпляр вызываем! 
	>>> $task = new App\Task; 
	=> App\Task {#2917}
	>>> $task->project_id = 1; 
	=> 1
	>>> $task->save(); 
	Illuminate/Database/QueryException with message 'SQLSTATE[HY000]: General error: 1364 Field 'description' doesn't have a default value (SQL: insert into `tasks` (`project_id`, `updated_at`, `created_at`) values (1, 2019-02-17 21:39:46, 2019-02-17 21:39:46))'
	>>> $task->description = 'description for task project with id=1'; 
	=> "description for task project with id=1"
	>>> $task->save(); 
	=> true
	>>>
	>>> // контрольный 
	>>> App\Project::first()->tasks; 
	=> Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#2926
	     all: [
	       App\Task {#2914
	         id: 2,
	         project_id: 1,
	         description: "description for task project with id=1",
	         completed: 0,
	         created_at: "2019-02-17 21:39:46",
	         updated_at: "2019-02-17 21:39:46",
	       },
	     ],
	   }
	>>>
	>>>
	>>>
	>>> // создадим еще одну задачу для project_id = 1 
	>>> $task = new App\Task; 
	=> App\Task {#2912}
	>>> $task->description = 'description for another task project with id=1'; 
	=> "description for another task project with id=1"
	>>> $task->project_id = 1; 
	=> 1
	>>> $task->save(); 
	=> true
	>>> // просмотрим возвращаемое значение: 
	>>> App\Project::first()->tasks; 
	=> Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Collection {#2920
	     all: [
	       App\Task {#2915
	         id: 2,
	         project_id: 1,
	         description: "description for task project with id=1",
	         completed: 0,
	         created_at: "2019-02-17 21:39:46",
	         updated_at: "2019-02-17 21:39:46",
	       },
	       App\Task {#2924
	         id: 3,
	         project_id: 1,
	         description: "description for another task project with id=1",
	         completed: 0,
	         created_at: "2019-02-17 22:34:12",
	         updated_at: "2019-02-17 22:34:12",
	       },
	     ],
	   }
	>>>

Отобразим поставленные задачи:

views/projects/show.blade.php:

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  ...
  @if($project->tasks->count())
      <div class='content'>
          @foreach($project->tasks as $task)
              <ul>
                  <li>{{ $task->description }}</li>
              </ul>
          @endforeach
      </div>
  @endif
  ...

Опишем обратное отношение в модели Task:

app/Task.php:

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  <?php

  namespace App;

  use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

  class Task extends Model
  {
    public function project()
    {
      return $this->belongsTo(Project::class);
    }
  }

Ахтунг! Tinker увидел его только после перезагрузки:

bash: 

	>>> App\Task::first()->projects; 
	=> null
	>>> App\Task::first(); 
	=> App\Task {#2922
	     id: 1,
	     project_id: 2,
	     description: "description for task project with id=2",
	     completed: 0,
	     created_at: "2019-02-17 20:53:48",
	     updated_at: "2019-02-17 20:53:48",
	   }
	>>> exit 
	Exit:  Goodbye
	vagrant@homestead:~/projects/scratch$
	vagrant@homestead:~/projects/scratch$ php artisan tinker
	Psy Shell v0.9.9 (PHP 7.3.1-1+ubuntu18.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 — cli) by Justin Hileman
	>>> // можно вызвать непосредственно через (модель?) App\Task: 
	>>> App\Task::first()->project; 
	=> App\Project {#2919
	     id: 2,
	     title: "Second Project updated2",
	     description: "Description for Second Project.",
	     created_at: "2019-02-16 19:58:50",
	     updated_at: "2019-02-17 14:54:04",
	   }
	>>> // или через $task: 
	>>> $task = App\Task::first(); 
	=> App\Task {#2923
	     id: 1,
	     project_id: 2,
	     description: "description for task project with id=2",
	     completed: 0,
	     created_at: "2019-02-17 20:53:48",
	     updated_at: "2019-02-17 20:53:48",
	   }
	>>> $task->project; 
	=> App\Project {#2922
	     id: 2,
	     title: "Second Project updated2",
	     description: "Description for Second Project.",
	     created_at: "2019-02-16 19:58:50",
	     updated_at: "2019-02-17 14:54:04",
	   }
	>>>

к оглавлению

18
Передача в контроллер объектов по id

17 эпизод. Создаём контроллер ProjectTasksController.

bash: 

	vagrant@homestead:~/projects/scratch$ php artisan make:controller ProjectTasksController -r
	Controller created successfully.
	vagrant@homestead:~/projects/scratch$

Так как при создании файла был использован ключ '-r', в описании класса уже присутствуют заготовки стандартных методов. В методе 'update' будет производиться перезапись объекта класса Task.

Для того, чтобы принять в метод не id (по-умолчанию), а сразу необходимый объект (экземпляр класса Task), необходимо импортировать (в пространство имен?) модель Task и изменить аргументы метода следующим образом:

app/Http/Controllers/ProjectTasksController.php:

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  <?php

  namespace App\Http\Controllers;

  use Illuminate\Http\Request;
  use App\Task;  // 1

  class ProjectTasksController extends Controller
  {

    ...

    /**
     * Update the specified resource in storage.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @param  int  $id
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    //public function update(Request $request, $id)
    public function update(Task $task) // 2
    {
      // dd($task);  // Task {#222 ▶}

      // dd(request()->all());   // array:3 [▼
      //             //  "_method" => "PATCH"
      //             //  "_token" => "gOQD6zRrSpXwbDYK6ce7jy340WCDXDR7aV17t9Yj"
      //             //  "completed" => "on"
      //             // ]

      $task->update([
        'completed' => request()->has('completed'),
      ]);

      return back(); // or 'return redirect('/projects');'
    }

    ...
  }

Добавим поле 'completed' в свойство $fillable для снятия его защиты от массового заполнения:

app/Task.php:

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  <?php

  namespace App;

  use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

  class Task extends Model
  {

    public $fillable = ['completed'];

    public function project()
    {
      return $this->belongsTo(Project::class);
    }
  }

Добавим роут:

app/Task.php:

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  ...
  Route::patch('task/{task}', 'ProjectTasksController@update');

Улучшим отображение, воспользовавшись так внезапно открывшимися возможностями:

resources/views/projects/show.blade.php:

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@extends('layout')

  @section('content')
    <h1 class='title' style='margin:2em 0;'>Show Project "{{ $project->title }} (show.blade.php)"</h1>

    <div class='content'>
      {{ $project->description }}
    </div>

    @if($project->tasks->count())
      
      <div class='content'>
        @foreach($project->tasks as $task)
          <form method='POST' action='/tasks/{{ $task->id }}'>
            @method('PATCH')
            @csrf
            <label class='checkbox' for='completed'{!!
                $task->completed ? "style='text-decoration:line-through;'" : ''
              !!}>
              <input
                type='checkbox'
                name='completed'
                onChange='this.form.submit()'{{ $task->completed ? 'checked' : ''}}>
                {{ $task->description }}
            </label>
          </form>
        @endforeach
      </div>
    @endif

    <a href='/projects/{{ $project->id }}/edit'>
      <button class="button is-success" form="update">Update Project</button>
    </a>

    <a href='/projects'>
      <button class="button is-info" form="update">back to list</button>
    </a>

  @endsection

к оглавлению

19
Описание метода ProjectTasksController@store

18 эпизод.

Добавим роут post для контроллера ProjectTasksController:

/home/yo/projects/scratch/routes/web.php:

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  ...
  Route::patch('/tasks/{task}', 'ProjectTasksController@update');
  Route::post('/projects/{project}/tasks', 'ProjectTasksController@store');

Отредактируем метод store контроллера ProjectTasksController (пример из видео не сработал. разобраться почему. Выдаёт ошибку: SQLSTATE[HY000]: General error: 1364 Field 'project_id' doesn't have a default value (SQL: insert into `tasks` (`updated_at`, `created_at`) values (2019-02-26 00:09:11, 2019-02-26 00:09:11))):

app/Http/Controllers/ProjectTasksController.php:

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  ...
    /**
     * Store a newly created resource in storage.
     *
     * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
     * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
     */
    // public function store(Request $request)
    public function store(Project $project)
    {
      // dd(request('description'));
      // dd($project->id);

      // почему не работает пример из видео??? (https://laracasts.com/series/laravel-from-scratch-2018/episodes/18 03:20)
      // Task::create([
      //   'project_id' => $project->id,
      //   'description' => request('description'),
      // ]);

      $task = new Task;
      $task->project_id = $project->id;
      $task->description = request('description');
      $task->save();

      return back();
    }
  ...

Отредактируем вид, добавив форму для добавления задач проекта:

patchToFile:

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  <div class='content'>{{-- add new task --}}
      <form method='POST' action='/projects/{{ $project->id }}/tasks' class='box'>

          <div class='field'>

              @csrf

              <label class='label' for='description'>New Task:</label>
              <div class='control'>
                  <input type='text' class='input' name='description'>
              </div>
          </div>

          <div class='field'>
              <div class='control'>
                  <button type='submit' class='button is-link'>add Task</button>
              </div>
          </div>

      </form>
  </div>{{-- /add new task --}}

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Капустин Яков (2019.02.09 14:12)

laravel 5.7 from Scratch.

оглавление

01Создание нового приложения scratch (laravel v5.7.19)

02Создание новой миграции

03Создание модели

04Laravel Tinker Shell

05Внесение изменений в базу данных через создание объекта

06Чтение данных средствами tinker

07MVC

08Вызов artisan inspire

09Вызов factory в tinker shell

10Создание страницы добавления проектов

11Изменение маршрутизации

12Создание контроллера с типичными методами и моделью

13Описание автоматически созданных методов контроллера

14Создание уровня отображения

15Cleaner Controllers and Mass Assign

Очистка метода edit()

Очистка метода store()

Очистка метода update()

Очищенный контроллер

16Два уровня валидации формы

17Eloquent отношения

18Передача в контроллер объектов по id

19Описание метода ProjectTasksController@store

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01
Создание нового приложения scratch (laravel v5.7.19)

02
Создание новой миграции

03
Создание модели

04
Laravel Tinker Shell

05
Внесение изменений в базу данных через создание объекта

06
Чтение данных средствами tinker

07
MVC

08
Вызов artisan inspire

09
Вызов factory в tinker shell

10
Создание страницы добавления проектов

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Изменение маршрутизации

12
Создание контроллера с типичными методами и моделью

13
Описание автоматически созданных методов контроллера

14
Создание уровня отображения

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Cleaner Controllers and Mass Assign

16
Два уровня валидации формы

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Eloquent отношения

18
Передача в контроллер объектов по id

19
Описание метода ProjectTasksController@store

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